To summarize, I followed the two steps procedure as described in the post:
- Boot the VM into the guest operating system, in my case, CentOS 7, by (1) exiting the UEFI shell, (2) entering UEFI "Boot Maintenance Manager"; (3) choosing "Boot From File", and (4) browsing the directory and locating
grubx64.efi
under the folder named after the operating system, in my case,centos/grubx64.efi
- Copy the efi file to BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI